Books Section

The OSHA Answer Book, 8th Editorial by Mark Moran Editorial Reviews

Review
The OSHA Answer Book: America's Best-Selling Guide to Workplace Safety
Health -- OSHA Book

Product Description
The OSHA Answer Book America's Best-Selling Guide to Workplace Safety
Health.

There are many books written about OSHA but none that covers all this
information in just one book. Every employer will want to own a copy of the new
8th edition. It is a one-stop resource designed to help out businesses that ne
quick answers to complicated questions.

The 8th edition has all the latest changes in OSHA standards including:
OSHA revisions to four standards.

The first correction deletes two references to a nonexistent table in the
Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus Standard. The second is a
correction of typographical errors in the Mechanical Power Presses Standar
The third correction is to a cross-reference in the Telecommunications Stand
The fourth correction is to a reference to a table contained in the Hazardous
Materials Standard for Hydrogen. OSHA's new quantitative fit testing protocol in the Respiratory Protection Standard. This new addition will affect all industri
addition to general industry, OSHA respiratory protection standards for shipy
employment and construction.

Does your company have all the required Federal And State Labor Law
law posters are mandatory to comply with Federal labor law, which requires every
employer to post specific labor law information for employees. In addition,
requires having its own specific labor law posters. A new chapter has been devoted
entirely to labor law posters, which covers all the requirements required by both Federal and State. If you haven't posted state and federally mandated labor law posters or if you're not up-to-date with how current employment laws affect your workplace, your company may be at risk.

It is easy to understand why this publication is the number #1 reference used by employers throughout the country. It help you understand what OSHA compliance responsibilities are and what to do about them.

Product Details
�� Paperback: 340 pages
�� Publisher: Safetycertified.com Inc; 8 edition (May 1, 2005)
�� Language: English
�� ISBN-10: 1890966657
�� ISBN-13: 978-1890966652
�� Product Dimensions: 8.9 x 6 x 0.8 inches
�� Shipping Weight: 1 pounds
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**More details of this book, please refer NIOSH Library and to browse list of collection
http://www.niosh.com.my

Biological monitoring as a part of health surveillance program

What is Biological Monitoring

 Measurement of chemical markers in body media that are indicative of external exposure to chemical agents.
 An assessment of overall exposure to chemical through measurement of appropriate determinant in biological spesimen collected
from workers at specified time.

What is the markers

 Can be found in biological media(markers) such as exhaled breath, flatus, urine, blood, blood serum, blood plasma, sebum, ear
wax, semen, the menses, breast milk, sweet, hair, nail, teeth, tears, faces, saliva, fats, skin, sputum, or internal organ.
 The markers can be the chemical its self or its metabolite or a characteristic reversible biochemical change induce by the
chemical.

Practicality of Biological Monitoring
Only practical if:
 Markers can be identified and quantified in sample
Reliable sampling and analytical procedure available.
 The reference range (regulatory or voluntary) is available in the form of TLV, PEL, BEI

How its works

 Biological monitoring result reflect chemical absorption into body from all route of exposure(inhalation/ingestion/ skin)
 Different chemical and their marker also take different half time to appear in different body media after exposure.
 The excretion characteristic determine recommended sampling time for markers.

When to apply Biological Monitoring

 Biological monitoring is regulated (OEL/BEI/TLV/are documented)
 In evaluation of exposure through other than Inhalation
 In evaluation on effectiveness of PPE program
 Detection of unexpected exposure when air monitoring is not performed
 As guide to justified medical removal protection among worker

Malaysian Legislative on Biological Monitoring
Factories And Machineries (lead) regulation 1984;
Part IX; Reg 34

Biological Monitoring(Lead in Blood) for workers
exposed to lead more than 30 days/years

Interval Categories
At least every 6 month Exposed more 30days/year
At least every 3 month Lead blood level ≥ 40ugm/100gm≤60ugm/100gm
At least monthly Lead blood level ≥ 60ugm/100gm & ≤ 80ugm/100gm
During medical removal period
Female at child bearing age

Malaysian Legislative on Biological Monitoring
Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standard of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000; Part X1,
Reg 29

 Employer to conduct medical surveillance if employee is exposed or likely to be exposed to chemical hazardous To health
Listed in Schedule II

Suport by:
 Guidelines on Medical Surveillance(DOSH.2001) (Element of medical surveillance include biological monitoring)


Sources: from NIOSH Laboratory Division

Books Section

The Toxicology And Biochemistry Of Insecticides (Hardcover)

Book Description

ISBN-10: 1420059750 | ISBN-13: 978-1420059755 |
Publication Date: March 4, 2008

The first book in two decades to address this multi-faceted field, The Toxicology
and Biochemistry of Insecticides provides the most up-to-date information on
insecticide classification, formulation, mode of action, resistance, metabolism,
environmental fate, and regulatory legislation. The book draws on the author’s
groundbreaking research in insect detoxification. It discusses mechanisms at the
molecular level such as specific enzymes that contribute to insecticide
resistance, the modification of which can change insecticide susceptibility and
influence host plant selections in phytophagous insects.

Beginning with a general introduction, eleven chapters integrate classical
toxicology with physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to present a
comprehensive look at the field. The book discusses the demand and
formulation of pesticides and describes each type from dusts and powders to
baits and aerosols. It classifies insecticides by target, chemical compound, and
mechanism; evaluates toxicity testing procedures; explains pesticide uptake,
mode of action, and metabolism; and explores species differences, resistance,
and interactions. It also considers pesticides in the environment and federal and
state regulatory legislation and enforcement.

A long-awaited, state-of-the-science review on insect toxicology, this
indispensable book brings you up-to-date on the many aspects and implications
of pesticide use and provides the necessary background and platform from
which to conduct future research.

Editorial Reviews

Review
"… applicable to a diversity of students from entomology, pest management and related agricultural disciplines. … provides an updated and comprehensive introductory textbook for students of insecticide toxicology that incorporates traditional toxicological concepts, including uptake, mode of action, and principles of xenobiotic metabolism with an up-to-date cataloging of both historically important insecticide classes and novel chemistries and their mode of action. This information provides a solid foundation for developing more complex issues, such as the role of xenobiotic metabolism as it relates to selective toxicity and resistance evolution. …
presents material in an easy to read outline that is well-organized … illustrated with many line drawings and tables providing the reader with ample opportunity to interpret data that enhances understanding of a certain topic. … this text is a valuable basic reference for students of insecticide toxicology. … I have recommended the text for my own course and have received positive feedback from a diversity of students."


—Blair D. Siegfried, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Product Details

Hardcover: 296 pages
Publisher: CRC Press (March 4, 2008)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1420059750
ISBN-13: 978-1420059755
Product Dimensions: 10.1 x 6.9 x 0.8 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
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Sources: **Book for reference only :More details of this book, please refer NIOSH Library and to browse list of collection please visit; http://www.niosh.com.my

Info Kesihatan

Penyakit Asma Berkaitan Pekerjaan

RACUN Makhluk Perosak adalah bahan yang digunakan untuk memusnah dan mengawal serangga atau tumbuhan perosak. Contoh racun makhluk perosak ialah racun parakuat, organofosfat, organoklorin, glifosat dan karbamat. Racun makhluk perosak berguna
untuk mengawal makhluk perosak dan meningkatkan penghasilan pertanian tetapi ia juga berbahaya kepada manusia.

Bagaimana keracunan boleh berlaku?

Seseorang boleh terdedah kepada keracunan racun makhluk perosak melalui tiga cara:
1. Tertelan makanan atau minuman yang dicemari racun makhluk perosak.
2. Sentuhan kulit dengan racun makhluk perosak.
3. Terhidu racun makhluk perosak.

Pekerja yang berisiko

Siapakah pekerja yang berisiko?
Contoh pekerja yang berisiko adalah peladang atau petani, pekerja ladang atauestet dan pekerja kilang racun makhluk perosak.

Gejala

Pendedahan kepada racun makhluk perosak boleh menyebabkan kecederaan kepada badan, antaranya seperti berikut adalah kesan sertamerta seperti sakit kepala, loya, berpeluh, kulit merengsa dan kematian dan kesan jangka masa panjang seperti
tangan mengeletar, kelupaan, kurang daya ingatan, kurang daya tumpuan, kekuningan mata serta keletihan.

Komplikasi

Apakah yang paling teruk boleh terjadi akibat keracunan ini?
Kerosakan kekal fungsi ginjal (buah pinggang), hati, paru-paru dan saraf serta kemandulan.

Kematian.

Rawatan
1. Rawatan kecemasan perlu diberi serta merta untuk
menyelamatkan nyawa mangsa.
2. Bawa mangsa terlibat ke tempat yang selamat yang
mempunyai pengudaraan yang baik seperti kawasan lapang
3. Tanggalkan pakaian yang tercemar
4. Jangan cuba memaksa pesakit untuk muntah.
5. Bersihkan bahagian tubuh atau anggota yang tercemar
dengan racun makhluk perosak menggunakan air yang banyak
selama 15-20 minit.
6. Hantarkan mangsa terlibat ke hospital dengan segera.
7. Jangan lupa, bawa bekas racun yang terlibat ke hospital
bersama pesakit.

Pencegahan keracunan racun makhluk perosak

Bagaimanakah saya boleh mencegah kejadian keracunan racun
makhluk perosak?
1. Pastikan anda tahu jenis racun makhluk perosak yang
digunakan.
2. Patuhi setiap arahan pengendalian racun makhluk perosak yang
dibekalkan oleh pengeluar setiap masa.
3. Amalkan teknik pengendalian yang selamat.
4. Labelkan bekas racun makhluk perosak dengan betul.
5. Simpan racun makhluk perosak di tempat yang berkunci dan
berasingan dari barang-barang lain.
6. Jangan pindahkan racun makhluk perosak ke dalam bekas lain;
gunakan bekas yang asal sahaja.
7. Jangan gunakan semula bekas racun makhluk perosak yang telah
kosong.
8. Lupuskan semua bekas racun makhluk perosak yang kosong
dengan menanam dalam tanah yang sesuai atau hantar kepada
pihak tertentu yang dilantik.
9. Gunakan alat pelindung diri yang sesuai dengan cara yang betul.

Apakah amalan pengendalian yang selamat?
* Memakai pakaian dan peralatan pelindung diri yang sesuai.
* Sentiasa menggunakan sarung tangan semasa membancuh racun makhluk
perosak.
* Jangan makan, minum atau merokok semasa mengendalikan racun.
* Semburan racun makhluk perosak mestilah menurut arah angin.
* Basuh bahagian badan yang terdedah SEGERA dan mandi selepas setiap
kali mengendalikan racun.

Apakah pakaian yang sesuai dan selamat semasa mengendalikan racun makhluk perosak?
1. Baju berlengan panjang dan seluar panjang.
2. Topi
3. Apron plastik
4. Kasut/but keselamatan
5. Sarung tangan getah
6. Topeng muka
7. Kacamata pelindung mata

Notikasi
Mengikut Peraturan 2004, Keselamatan dan Kesihatan
Pekerjaan (Notikasi Kemalangan, Kejadian Berbahaya,
Keracunan dan Penyakit Pekerjaan), adalah menjadi
tanggungjawab:

1. Majikan
Pengamal perubatan yang merawat Untuk notikasi
penyakit pekerjaan kepada Jabatan Keselamatan dan
Kesihatan.

2. Alamat perhubungan
Untuk mendapat maklumat lanjut, sila hantar e-mel ke
alamat ohealth@dph.gov.my
Untuk mendapat maklumat lanjut mengenai keracunan,
sila layari laman web Pusat Racun Negara.

Sources: Info dari akhbar: Harian Metro, Dec 19, 2011, pg. 019

Eye Protection For Infection Control

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends eye protection for a variety of potential exposure
conditions where workers may be at risk of acquiring infectious diseases via eye exposure. Infectious diseases can be
transmitted by several mechanisms, that include infections which can be introduced through the mucous membranes of the eye
(conjunctiva). The infectious agents include viruses and bacteria than can cause conjunctivitis (e.g., adenovirus, herpes
simplex, Staphylococcus aureus) and viruses that can cause systemic infections, including blood borne viruses (e.g. hepatitis B
and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus), herpes vi-ruses, and rhinoviruses. They are introduced to the eye either directly
(e.g., blood splashes, respiratory droplets generated during coughing or suctioning) or from touching the eyes with
contaminated fingers or other objects.
Eye protection provides a barrier to infectious materials entering the eye and is often used in conjunction with other personal
protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, and masks or respirators. The eye protection chosen for specific work
situations depends upon the circumstances of exposure, other PPE used, and personal vision needs. There is wide variety in
the types of protective eyewear, and appropriate selection should be based on a number of factors, the most important of which
is the nature and extent of the hazard.
Eye protection must be comfortable and allow for sufficient peripheral vision and must be adjustable to ensure a secure fit. It
may be necessary to provide several different types, styles, and sizes. Selection of protective eyewear appropriate for a given
task should be made from an evaluation of each activity, including regulatory requirements when applicable. These hazard
assessments require a clear understanding of the work tasks, including knowledge of the potential routes of exposure and the
opportunities for exposure in the task assessed (nature and extent of worker contact). Exposure incident reports should be
reviewed to identify those incidents (whether or not infection occurred) that could have been prevented by the proper use of
protective eyewear. Common eye protection devices include goggles, face shield, safety glass and full-face respirators.
Employees’ training on the eye protection devices shall include the following: proper use, use in conjunction with other PPE,
removal of potentially contaminated eye protection devices, and disinfectant of reusable eye protection.

Potential Eye Hazard Examples in the Workplace

The following are potential eye hazards in the workplace.
• Hammering, grinding, sanding, and masonry work that may produce particles
• Handling chemicals may lead to splashes in the eye
• Wet or powdered cement in the eye can cause a chemical burn
• Welding leads to exposure to arcs and flashes (intense UV radiation) for welders,
helpers, and bystanders
• Dusty or windy conditions can lead to particles in the eye
• Eye injuries can result from simply passing through an area where work is being performed
• Coworkers around or above you may generate the hazard

A) Safety glass resemble normal
eye-glasses but have lenses
that have a much higher degree
impact resistance.

B) Safety goggle surround the entire
eye area providing a greater level
of protection than safety glasses
and should fit around prescription
glasses. Some goggles also
protect eyes from vapors.

C) Face shield cover the entire face. They
are used when larger quantities of
hazardous materials are being used.

Sources: Source: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/eye/eye-infectious.html Retrieved 14.11.2010.

This OSH Bulletin is for knowledge sharing. Your feedback is welcomed. Contact Dr. Mithali
Abdullah @ Jacquline Sapen at 016 422 1857 and drjackie@ehsmapis.com.

Tips Memilih Bahan Makanan Secara Selamat

PILIH bahan mentah yang segar;

Sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan
* Tidak layu, kecut, bertukar warna dan busuk

Makanan laut (ikan, udang, sotong, ketam)
* Kulit yang bersinar dan berwarna terang dan tidak diselaputi oleh
lendir yang tebal
* Cerah dan matanya tidak tenggelam. Segar dan insangnya
berwarna merah cerah (bukan perang atau kering)
* Tidak berbau busuk
* Isi yang kenyal
* Udang tidak rosak, kulitnya lutsinar tanpa tompok hitam

Daging
* Segar dan tidak berselaput
* Tidak busuk

Ayam
* Segar
* Tidak busuk dan tidak bertukar warna
* Lihat kepada kegemukan di dada dan kelicinan kulitnya

Telur
* Tidak retak atau bocor
* Tidak terlalu tua atau terlampau banyak najis dan kotoran pada kulit
telur.

Bijirin / Kekacang
* Tidak berkualiti
* Tidak dicemari oleh serangga atau bahan asing
* Tidak dicampur dengan bahan lain yang lebih murah

Pilih makanan yang selamat;

Makanan dalam tin
* Tin itu tidak kemek, kembung atau berkarat
* Tudungnya tidak kembung
* Tidak dicampur dengan bahan lain yang lebih murah.

Makanan yang dibungkus
* Tidak bocor atau kotor
* Tidak menggunakan bahan bercetak (majalah dan surat khabar) untuk
membungkus

Pilih makanan yang telah dimasak dengan sempurna
* Daging yang telah dimasak dengan sempurna, berwarna perang di bahagian dalamnya.
* Ayam yang telah dimasak mempunyai jus yang berwarna jernih dan tidak berwarna merah jambu apabila dicucuk dengan garfu.
* Ikan yang telah dimasak mesti sudah dipisahkan isi dari tulang dan tidak berwarna merah jambu.
* Telur kuning dan putih tidak jernih atau lutsinar
Pilihan makanan yang baru dimasak
* Elakkan daripada memakan makanan yang disediakan terlalu awal dari masa untuk dimakan
* Lebih baik makan sebaik sahaja selepas dimasak
* Panaskan dengan sempurna makanan yang telah dihidangkan untuk beberapa lama
Pilih makanan yang disimpan dengan betul
* Bahan mentah yang mudah busuk (daging, ayam, dan ikan) sepatutnya disimpan pada suhu yang betul
* Makanan yang telah dimasak tidak disimpan bersama dengan bahan mentah
* Elakkan dari membiarkan makanan terhidang pada suhu bilik terlalu lama (lebih 4 jam)
* Bungkus atau tutup makanan untuk disimpan
* Makanan yang sedia untuk dimakan yang dipamerkan harus ditutup dengan sempurna

Pilih tempat makan yang bersih
* Tidak terlalu hampir dengan jalanraya dan laluan yang sibuk
* Jauh dari tempat ternakan haiwan, parit atau tangki septik
* Ada keperluan asas seperti air yang bersih untuk membasuh, elektrik, tempat membuang sampah yang betul
dan tandas yang bersih
* Menyediakan gelas dan pinggan yang bersih dan tidak pecah atau retak
* Elakkan gerai jalanan yang tidak bersih
* Tempat penyediaan makanan yang selamat dan bersih
* Bebas dari haiwan seperti kucing, anjing, tikus, lalat, serangga, burung dan pepijat
* Utamakan premis yang mempunyai pengesahan dari pihak berkuasa tempatan sebagai bersih dan selamat

Pilih premis makan yang mengutamakan kebersihan diri dan pengendalian makanan yang betul
* Memakai pakaian yang betul dan bersih
* Memakai penutup kepala
* Mengutamakan kebersihan diri (kuku yang bersih dan pendek), tidak merokok, meludah, batuk ke arah
makanan, tidak menggunakan tangan untuk menyentuh makanan, menggunakan tuala yang bersih, tidak
menjilat dan menggunakan jari untuk merasa
* Tidak menyediakan makanan berhampiran dengan tandas atau longkang.

Sources: Dipetik dari akhbar Berita Harian, 15 November, 2011; Page number: 016